West nile virus statistics 2013

WNV activity typically occurs during the summer months and into the fall. The annual number of reported WNV disease cases can fluctuate widely, as a result of periodic epidemics.

All residents of and visitors to areas where WNV activity has been identified are at risk of WNV infection, particularly people who engage in outdoor work and recreational activities. West Nile virus disease is a nationally notifiable condition. Cases are reported to CDC by state and local health departments using standard case definitions.

Computational framework To characterize WNV transmission in the different parts of Emilia-Romagna, we divided the region into 5 areas by clustering the trap locations namely A, B, C, D, E in Fig 1 following a qualitative analysis of WNV circulation during the — transmission seasons see section Clustering in the S1 Appendix. Fig 2. Schematic representation of the computational framework. Results In , WNV was recorded earlier June and in a higher fraction of pools in the two central B, C and two northeastern D, E clusters with respect to previous years.

Discussion In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of WNV in the Emilia-Romagna region, northern Italy, using previously developed mathematical models to estimate mosquito density and simulate virus transmission between mosquitoes and birds. Supporting information. S1 Appendix. Supporting text containing methodological details and additional results. S1 Table. Recorded average entomological captures for each year and cluster.

S2 Table. Total number of analyzed mosquito pools for each year and cluster. S3 Table. Total number of WNV positive pools for each year and cluster. References 1. Am J Trop Med Hyg. View Article Google Scholar 2.

Zeller HG, Schuffenecker I. West Nile virus: An overview of its spread in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin in contrast to its spread in the Americas. West Nile Virus: Review of the Literature. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual epidemiological report —emerging and vector-borne diseases.

West Nile fever characteristics among viremic persons identified through blood donor screening. J Infect Dis. Epidemic West Nile encephalitis, New York, results of a household-based seroepidemiological survey. Human case of autochthonous West Nile virus lineage 2 infection in Italy, September Euro Surveill. West Nile virus transmission: results from the integrated surveillance system in Italy, to View Article Google Scholar 9.

Reconstructing the recent West Nile virus lineage 2 epidemic in Europe and Italy using discrete and continuous phylogeography. PLoS One. West Nile News. Aggiornamento epidemiologico settimanale, West Nile virus transmission and human infection risk in Veneto Italy : a modelling analysis. Sci Rep. Persistent West Nile virus infection in the house sparrow Passer domesticus.

Arch Virol. Overwintering of West Nile virus in a bird community with a communal crow roost. An epidemiological model for West Nile virus: invasion analysis and control applications. Proc R Soc Lond B. View Article Google Scholar A mathematical model for assessing control strategies against West Nile virus. Bull Math Biol. Simulation of the seasonal cycles of bird, equine and human West Nile virus cases.

Prev Vet Med. Kioutsioukis I, Stilianakis NI. Assessment of West Nile virus transmission risk from a weather-dependent epidemiological model and a global sensitivity analysis framework. Acta Trop. The experience of West Nile virus integrated surveillance system in the Emilia-Romagna region: five years of implementation, Italy, to Jarvis A. Reuter, A. Nelson, E. Field sampling methods for mosquitoes, sandflies, biting midges and ticks. Fragm Entomol. The effect of interspecific competition on the temporal dynamics of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens.

Parasit Vectors. Modelling the effect of temperature on the seasonal population dynamics of temperate mosquitoes. J Theor Biol. Development rates, larval survivorship and wing length of Culex pipiens Diptera: Culicidae at constant temperatures. Journal of Natural History. Comparative evaluation of the efficiency of the BG-Sentinel trap, CDC light trap and Mosquito-oviposition trap for the surveillance of vector mosquitoes.

Dispersal of Culex mosquitoes Diptera: Culicidae from a wastewater treatment facility. J Med Entomol. A mark-release-recapture study on dispersal and flight distance of Culex pipiens pallens in an urban area of Japan.

J Am Mosq Control Assoc. High susceptibility of magpie Pica pica to experimental infection with lineage 1 and 2 West Nile virus. PLoS Biol. Understanding West Nile virus ecology in Europe: Culex pipiens host feeding preference in a hotspot of virus emergence. Birkhead T. Emerging Infect Dis.

The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station maintains 91 mosquito trap sites in 73 towns statewide. The trapping sites were selected based on habitat, proximity to residential areas, and historical findings. Results provide information on the numbers and types of mosquitoes present, as well as the rates of infection with WNV and other viruses that may have public health importance. The information obtained through surveillance helps guide statewide prevention and control measures.

Connecticut State Department of Public Health. West Nile Virus Statistics.